Expenses
Expenses latest publications
Filter all of our publications to find the ones you are most interested in by content language, date, geography and/or topic.
Sort our publications chronologically from newest to oldest, regardless of geography and/or topic matter.
Sort publications according to the number of time reads by our users, regardless of geography and/or topic matter.
January 15, 2024
Spain | New risks in the wake of the pension reform
A few months ago, the OECD warned that the recent pension reform was unlikely to prove sufficient to fully balance the system. Rather, it said it would increase expenditure more than income, thereby requiring the government to take further steps.
- Types of files Downloads:
- Files
October 23, 2023
Spain | Projections of the public pension system
We have recently learned of a couple of new developments about the Spanish public pension system. The first is the revaluation of pensions for 2024, which will be close to 4%. The second is the long-term projections of public pension expenditure.
- Types of files Downloads:
- Files
May 9, 2022
Spain | Pension deficit and Stability Program
Once the last reform decision did not restrict the increase in spending and did not eliminate the actuarial imbalance, the sustainability of the pension system will involve a constant increase in taxation and transfers from central government, increasing the burden on the younger generations.
- Types of files Downloads:
- Files
March 30, 2022
Spain | Incomes policy agreement, imported inflation and pensions
It seems reasonable that in exceptional times, like the current one, the economic cost of the major increase in gas, oil and other commodity prices should be shared across the population as a whole — including pensioners. This would then help to reduce the risk of inflationary spirals and of future stagflation.
- Types of files Downloads:
- Files
December 10, 2021
Spain | A decade of pension reforms and counter-reforms
Unlike the 2011 and 2013 reforms, the 2021 measures increase the projected deficit of the pension system and pass it on to the State, increase contributions, making job creation more expensive, and reduce intergenerational equity, in exchange for a greater budgetary burden on the younger generations.
- Types of files Downloads:
- Files
October 11, 2021
Spain | Will savings fall further?
The record highs reached in household savings in the second quarter of 2020, has been one of the most striking characteristics of the current crisis. Since then, it has declined somewhat, which has lent support to the recovery in consumer expenditure and the housing market.
- Types of files Downloads:
- Files
November 5, 2020
Spain | Sustainability of pensions: a long road ahead
The recommendations of the Pension Commission of the Spanish Congress (Pacto de Toledo) are a good starting point for addressing gradual changes in the system, but they are not enough to ensure its sustainability. If the appropriate measures are not taken, the recommendations have the potential to imbalance the system.
- Types of files Downloads:
- Files
November 8, 2019
Mexico | It is urgent to increase the Tax Collection
The country only collects 14% of GDP for tax purposes. Not only does this represent the lowest level of all the countries that are part of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), but it is also lower than the collection levels of most Latin American countries.
- Types of files Downloads:
- Files