Climate policies have reduced emissions and advanced low-carbon technologies but still fall short of meeting global goals. Achieving the transition toward decarbonization requires effective, context-specific policy mixes, with carbon pricing well-coordinated with subsidies and regulations playing a key role.

Trump's second term could roll back climate policies like the Inflation Reduction Act and ESG standards, but renewable energy and decarbonization are expected to demonstrate resilience to changes, supported by state and local policies and geopolitical dynamics.